Throughout the book, our students will come across some Arabic letters that don't have English equivalents whether in the shape or in the pronunciation. Students will notice that these letters are either written as capital letters in the beginning, middle or the end of the words as a hint that they should be stressed when pronounced, or as two letters combined together (dipthong) to express a specific sound in Arabic. We would like to introduce these letters in the beginning of the book so as to make it easier on our students to recognize them and to be able to pronounce them correctly with the help of their instructors. Please find the letters in the chart below:

*Note:

Some Arabic letters differ in their pronunciation between fuS-Ha or MSA (Modern Standard Arabic) and Eaammiya (the colloquial or the spoken dialect). Please find these letters in the chart below with the examples.